The city's origins can be traced back to a fortified town founded on Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island) in the 10th century. The massive Gothic Cathedral of St. John the Baptist, with its vertiginous twin wings, the two-story brick Collegiate Church of the Holy Cross, and St. The Archdiocese Museum and Bartholomew The latter houses the UNESCO Memory of the World-listed Book of Henryków from the 13-14th centuries, which contains the first sentence ever written down in Polish.
The quaint Old Town Square is a perfect mix of architectural Renaissance and Mannerist tenement houses, as well as postwar reconstructions. It is one of Europe's largest and most scenic parks, a vibrant heart of the city where buskers perform day and night and mouth-watering aromas waft from enticing restaurant terraces. The Pan Tadeusz Museum, which houses the manuscript of Adam Mickiewicz's famous poetry, is housed in the beautiful Baroque "House Under the Golden Sun" (due to a huge golden sun on the center-top of its facade). After sunset, you'll find ladies and gentlemen dressed in traditional Romantic period costumes running behind the first-floor curtains, inviting you to enter and enjoy the museum. The late-Gothic Old Town Hall is a real eye-catcher. It houses the Burgher Art Museum and the oldest bar in Europe in its cellar.
Nearby, the Four Religions District is a one-of-a-kind area where an Orthodox cathedral, a Roman Catholic church, a Lutheran church, and a synagogue coexist peacefully. This quaint area is not only a place of holy worship but also a popular clubbing destination for those who worship the gods of music.
Its beauty can draw debate, but its futuristic nature is something everyone will agree on: The massive, reinforced-concrete Centennial Hall (where policeman Eberhard Mock from Marek Krajewski's crime novels debuted as a specialist solving the biggest crimes) is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its 28-meter dome is crowned by a steel and glass lantern, and the fountain in front of the hall is not only the largest in Poland but also one of the largest in Europe, with 300 nozzles spouting water, three outlets “breathing” fire, and 800 lights. It puts on a fantastic exhibition, so don't skip it!
The Racawice Panorama, a monumental painting of the 1794 war between Polish and Russian armies, is another must-see in Wroclaw. It is 114 meters long and 15 meters high, and it was painted by a team of artists under the supervision of Wojciech Kossak and Jan Styka. It's on display in a specially constructed rotunda, where additional features, decorations, and lighting carry the war to life. The amount of detail and scale in this piece is incredible.
See the 1,000 Years of Wroclaw display at the Historical Museum in the Royal Castle, which is surrounded by magnificent Baroque gardens, for a true understanding of the city's complex history. The University of Wroclaw is also a museum, with attractions such as the impressive Aula Leopoldina hall and the Mathematical Tower's astronomical observatory, which houses priceless instruments such as a 500-year-old celestial globe. The university is one of the city's most impressive architectural structures.